Balancing Act: Distribution-Guided Debiasing in Diffusion Models

Diffusion Models (DMs) have emerged as powerful generative models with unprecedented image generation capability. These models are widely used for data augmentation and creative applications. However, DMs reflect the biases present in the training datasets. This is especially concerning in the context of faces, where the DM prefers one demographic subgroup vs. others (eg. female vs male). In this work, we present a method for debiasing DMs without relying on additional data or model retraining. Specifically, we propose \textbf{Distribution Guidance}, which enforces the generated images to follow the \underline{prescribed attribute distribution}. To realize this, we build on the key insight that the latent features of denoising UNet hold rich demographic semantics, and the same can be leveraged to guide debiased generation. We train \textbf{Attribute Distribution Predictor} (ADP) - a linear head that maps the latent features to the distribution of attributes. ADP is trained with pseudo labels generated from existing attribute classifiers. The proposed Distribution Guidance with ADP enables us to do fair generation. Our method reduces bias across single/multiple attributes and outperforms the baseline by a significant margin. Further, we present a downstream task of training a fair attribute classifier by rebalancing the training set with our generated data.