Physics-Consistent Diffusion for Efficient Fluid Super-Resolution via Multiscale Residual Correction

Existing image SR and generic diffusion models transfer poorly to fluid SR: they are sampling-intensive, ignore physical constraints, and often yield spectral mismatch and spurious divergence. We address fluid super-resolution (SR) with ReMD (Residual-Multigrid Diffusion), a physics-consistent diffusion framework. At each reverse step, ReMD performs a multigrid residual correction: the update direction is obtained by coupling data consistency with lightweight physics cues and then correcting the residual across scales; the multiscale hierarchy is instantiated with a multi-wavelet basis to capture both large structures and fine vortical details. This coarse-to-fine design accelerates convergence and preserves fine structures while remaining equation-free. Across atmospheric and oceanic benchmarks, ReMD improves accuracy and spectral fidelity, reduces divergence, and reaches comparable quality with markedly fewer sampling steps than diffusion baselines. Our results show that enforcing physics consistency inside the diffusion process via multigrid residual correction and multi-wavelet multiscale modeling is an effective route to efficient fluid SR.