Foundations and Frontiers of Watermarking: Algorithms, Multimodal Extensions, Benchmarks, and Authenticity Frameworks
Vishal Asnani · Shruti Agarwal · Benedetta Tondi · Pierre Fernandez · Furong Huang
Abstract
Invisible watermarking has re-emerged as a critical pillar of trustworthy AI and media authenticity in the era of generative models. This tutorial provides a unified end-to-end treatment of watermarking, spanning classical signal-processing theory, modern deep-learning methods, multimodal extensions (image, video, audio, 3D), robustness benchmarking (WAVES), and real-world deployment within provenance ecosystems such as C2PA and Content Credentials.
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